The study system
Higher education in Sweden complies with the European Bologna system: • Bachelor's Degree (Kandidatexamen): 3 years (180 ECTS credits). • Master's Degree: 1-year Master (Magisterexamen - 60 ECTS) or 2-year Master (Masterexamen - 120 ECTS), the premier track qualifying for PhD research. • Doctoral Degree (Doktorsexamen): 4 years (240 ECTS); PhD positions in Sweden are treated as fully salaried employment with competitive monthly salaries and national social security benefits. The academic year begins in late August/early September (Autumn semester) and concludes in June (Spring semester), emphasizing interactive group seminars and critical thinking.








