The study system
Swiss higher education follows the Bologna system (ECTS): • Universities: 10 cantonal universities and the two Federal Institutes of Technology (ETH Zurich and EPFL). • Universities of applied sciences and universities of teacher education with a practical, professional focus. • Bachelor’s: 3 years (180 ECTS), usually taught in German, French or Italian. • Master’s: 1.5–2 years (90–120 ECTS), many taught in English. • PhD: 3–4 years; doctoral candidates are often employed as salaried research assistants.



