The study system
• Universities (Universitäten): research-oriented, offering bachelor’s, master’s and doctorates. • Universities of applied sciences (Hochschulen / FH): practice-oriented and close to industry, offering bachelor’s and master’s. • Bachelor’s: 3–4 years (6–8 semesters); master’s: 1–2 years; doctorate: about 3–5 years (often as a paid research position). • The year has two semesters: winter (from October) and summer (from April). • Language: bachelor’s programmes are mostly in German (TestDaF or DSH), many master’s programmes are in English (IELTS or TOEFL). • School certificate: many Arab certificates do not give direct bachelor’s admission, so students take a one-year preparatory course (Studienkolleg) and the Feststellungsprüfung exam, or first complete a year of university at home — check your certificate in the DAAD admission database.





